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30)71st Republic Day 2020 highlights| Beating retreat ceremony at Attari-Wagah border on Republic Day

India Republic Day -- India celebrates the 71st Republic Day today. On this day in 1950the Constitution of Indian came into force. The Republic Day paradewhich is considered as the main attraction of the days celebrationwas held along Rajpath. It was a 90-minute occasion. Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro was the chief guest on the parade. Before the parade startedPrime Minister Narendra Modi paid tribute at the Countrywide War Memorial and Leader Ram Nath Kovind unfurled the national flag together with General Manoj Mukund NaravaneChief of the Army StaffAdmiral Karambir SinghPrimary of the Naval StaffMarshal Rakesh Kumar Singh BhadauriaChief of the Air Staff. 5 41 PM IST PM Narendra Modi finds Rashtrapati Bhawan for At home reception hosted simply by President Ram Nath Kovind. 5 12 pm IST Beating retreat ceremony with Attari-Wagah border on Republic Day. 4 36 evening IST Air India Directs 30000 National Red flags To Passengers On Republic Day The national service provider A
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Flight

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Flight or flying is the process by which an object moves through a space without contacting any planetary surface, either within an atmosphere (i.e. air flight or aviation) or through the vacuum of outer space (i.e. spaceflight). This can be achieved by generating aerodynamic lift associated with propulsive thrust, aerostatically using buoyancy, or by ballistic movement. Many things can fly, from natural aviators such as birds, bats and insects, to human inventions like aircraft, including airplanes, helicopters, balloons, and rockets which may carry spacecraft. The engineering aspects of flight are the purview of aerospace engineering which is subdivided into aeronautics, the study of vehicles that travel through the air, and astronautics, the study of vehicles that travel through space, and ballistics, the study of the flight of projectiles.
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Types of flight

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Buoyant flight edit Humans have managed to construct lighter-than-air vehicles that raise off the ground and fly, due to their buoyancy in air. An aerostat is a system that remains aloft primarily through the use of buoyancy to give an aircraft the same overall density as air. Aerostats include free balloons, airships, and moored balloons. An aerostat's main structural component is its envelope, a lightweight skin that encloses a volume of lifting gas to provide buoyancy, to which other components are attached. Aerostats are so named because they use "aerostatic" lift, a buoyant force that does not require lateral movement through the surrounding air mass to effect a lifting force. By contrast, aerodynes primarily use aerodynamic lift, which requires the lateral movement of at least some part of the aircraft through the surrounding air mass. Aerodynamic flight edit Unpowered flight versus powered flight edit Some things that fly do not generate propulsive thrust through
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History

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Many human cultures have built devices that fly, from the earliest projectiles such as stones and spears, the boomerang in Australia, the hot air Kongming lantern, and kites. Aviation edit George Cayley studied flight scientifically in the first half of the 19th century, and in the second half of the 19th century Otto Lilienthal made over 200 gliding flights and was also one of the first to understand flight scientifically. His work was replicated and extended by the Wright brothers who made gliding flights and finally the first controlled and extended, manned powered flights. Spaceflight edit Spaceflight, particularly human spaceflight became a reality in the 20th century following theoretical and practical breakthroughs by Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Robert H. Goddard. The first orbital spaceflight was in 1957, and Yuri Gagarin was carried aboard the first manned orbital spaceflight in 1961.
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Physics

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There are different approaches to flight. If an object has a lower density than air, then it is buoyant and is able to float in the air without expending energy. A heavier than air craft, known as an aerodyne, includes flighted animals and insects, fixed-wing aircraft and rotorcraft. Because the craft is heavier than air, it must generate lift to overcome its weight. The wind resistance caused by the craft moving through the air is called drag and is overcome by propulsive thrust except in the case of gliding. Some vehicles also use thrust for flight, for example rockets and Harrier Jump Jets. Finally, momentum dominates the flight of ballistic flying objects. Forces edit Forces relevant to flight are Propulsive thrust (except in gliders) Lift, created by the reaction to an airflow Drag, created by aerodynamic friction Weight, created by gravity Buoyancy, for lighter than air flight These forces must be balanced for stable flight to occur. Thrust edit A fixed-wing aircraft generate
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Takeoff and landing

Vehicles that can fly can have different ways to takeoff and land . Conventional aircraft accelerate along the ground until sufficient lift is generated for takeoff, and reverse the process for landing. Some aircraft can take off at low speed; this is called a short takeoff. Some aircraft such as helicopters and Harrier jump jets can take off and land vertically. Rockets also usually take off and land vertically, but some designs can land horizontally.
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Guidance, navigation and control

Navigation edit Navigation is the systems necessary to calculate current position (e.g. compass, GPS, LORAN, star tracker, inertial measurement unit, and altimeter). In aircraft, successful air navigation involves piloting an aircraft from place to place without getting lost, breaking the laws applying to aircraft, or endangering the safety of those on board or on the ground. The techniques used for navigation in the air will depend on whether the aircraft is flying under the visual flight rules (VFR) or the instrument flight rules (IFR). In the latter case, the pilot will navigate exclusively using instruments and radio navigation aids such as beacons, or as directed under radar control by air traffic control. In the VFR case, a pilot will largely navigate using dead reckoning combined with visual observations (known as pilotage), with reference to appropriate maps. This may be supplemented using radio navigation aids. Guidance edit A guidance system is a device or group of devices u
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